Acetaminophen Davis

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Jan 28, 2021.

Applies to the following strengths: 160 mg; 80 mg/0.8 mL; 160 mg/5 mL; 500 mg; 650 mg; 80 mg; 325 mg; 500 mg/15 mL; 120 mg; 120 mg/5 mL; 325 mg/10.15 mL; 650 mg/20.3 mL; 10 mg/mL; 80 mg/5 mL; 650 mg/25 mL; 80 mg/mL; 500 mg/5 mL; 48 mg/mL

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Usual Adult Dose for:

Usual Pediatric Dose for:

Additional dosage information:

Usual Adult Dose for Fever

  1. If you need a painkiller, acetaminophen is probably a better choice than ibuprofen, though be careful as it's easy to overdose on Acetaminophen (.
  2. Find information on Butalbital, Acetaminophen (Butapap) in Davis’s Drug Guide including dosage, side effects, interactions, nursing implications, mechanism of action, half life, administration, and more. Davis Drug Guide PDF.

Doses may be given as a single or repeated dose as follows:
Parenteral:
Weight 50 kg or greater: 1000 mg IV every 6 hours OR 650 mg IV every 4 hours
Maximum Single Dose: 1000 mg
Minimum Dosing Interval: every 4 hours
Maximum Dose: 4000 mg per 24 hours
Weight less than 50 kg: 15 mg/kg IV every 6 hours OR 12.5 mg/kg IV every 4 hours
Maximum Single Dose: 15 mg/kg
Minimum Dosing Interval: every 4 hours
Maximum Dose: 75 mg/kg per 24 hours
Oral:
Immediate-release: 325 mg to 1 g orally every 4 to 6 hours
Minimum Dosing Interval: every 4 hours
Maximum Single Dose: 1000 mg
Maximum Dose: 4 g per 24 hours
Extended-Release: 1300 mg orally every 8 hours
Maximum dose: 3900 mg per 24 hours
Rectal:
650 mg rectally every 4 to 6 hours
Maximum dose: 3900 mg per 24 hours
Comments:
-Maximum daily dose is based on all routes of administration and all products containing acetaminophen.
-Maximum daily dose and dosing recommendations may differ by product; some manufacturers have decreased the maximum daily dose to protect consumers from inadvertent overdoses.
-For IV administration, verify the dose in mg and mL to ensure the dose is correct; verify that infusion pumps are properly programmed
Uses:
-For the management of mild to moderate pain and the management of moderate to severe pain with adjunctive opioid analgesics.
-For the reduction of fever.

Usual Adult Dose for Pain

Doses may be given as a single or repeated dose as follows:
Parenteral:
Weight 50 kg or greater: 1000 mg IV every 6 hours OR 650 mg IV every 4 hours
Maximum Single Dose: 1000 mg
Minimum Dosing Interval: every 4 hours
Maximum Dose: 4000 mg per 24 hours
Weight less than 50 kg: 15 mg/kg IV every 6 hours OR 12.5 mg/kg IV every 4 hours
Maximum Single Dose: 15 mg/kg
Minimum Dosing Interval: every 4 hours
Maximum Dose: 75 mg/kg per 24 hours
Oral:
Immediate-release: 325 mg to 1 g orally every 4 to 6 hours
Minimum Dosing Interval: every 4 hours
Maximum Single Dose: 1000 mg
Maximum Dose: 4 g per 24 hours
Extended-Release: 1300 mg orally every 8 hours
Maximum dose: 3900 mg per 24 hours
Rectal:
650 mg rectally every 4 to 6 hours
Maximum dose: 3900 mg per 24 hours
Comments:
-Maximum daily dose is based on all routes of administration and all products containing acetaminophen.
-Maximum daily dose and dosing recommendations may differ by product; some manufacturers have decreased the maximum daily dose to protect consumers from inadvertent overdoses.
-For IV administration, verify the dose in mg and mL to ensure the dose is correct; verify that infusion pumps are properly programmed
Uses:
-For the management of mild to moderate pain and the management of moderate to severe pain with adjunctive opioid analgesics.
-For the reduction of fever.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Pain

Doses may be given as a single or repeated dose as follows:
PARENTERAL:
2 to 12 years: 12.5 mg/kg IV every 4 hours OR 15 mg/kg IV every 6 hours
Maximum Single Dose: 15 mg/kg; not to exceed 750 mg
Minimum Dosing Interval: every 4 hours
Maximum Daily Dose: 75 mg/kg in 24 hours; not to exceed 3750 mg
13 years or older; weight less than 50 kg: 12.5 mg/kg IV every 4 hours OR 15 mg/kg IV every 6 hours
Maximum Single Dose: 15 mg/kg; not to exceed 750 mg
Minimum Dosing Interval: every 4 hours
Maximum Daily Dose: 75 mg/kg in 24 hours; not to exceed 3750 mg
13 years or older; weight 50 kg or greater: 650 mg IV every 4 hours OR 1000 mg IV every 6 hours
Maximum Single Dose: 1000 mg
Minimum Dosing Interval: every 4 hours
Maximum Daily Dose: 4000 mg in 24 hours
ORAL:
10 to 15 mg/kg orally every 4 to 6 hours as needed not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
-Alternatively, use weight first, then age:
2.7 to 5.3 kg (0 to 3 months): 40 mg orally every 4 hours as needed not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
5.4 to 8.1 kg (4 to 11 months): 80 mg orally every 4 hours as needed not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
8.2 to 10.8 kg (12 to 23 months): 120 mg orally every 4 hours as needed not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
10.9 to 16.3 kg (2 to 3 years): 160 mg orally every 4 hours as needed not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
16.4 to 21.7 kg (4 to 5 years): 240 mg orally every 4 hours as needed not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
21.8 to 27.2 kg (6 to 8 years): 320 mg orally every 4 hours as needed not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
27.3 to 32.6 kg (9 to 10 years): 400 mg orally every 4 hours as needed not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
32.7 to 43.2 kg (11 to 12 years): 480 mg orally every 4 hours as needed not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
12 years or older:
Immediate-release: 325 mg to 1 g orally every 4 to 6 hours
Minimum Dosing Interval: every 4 hours
Maximum Single Dose: 1000 mg
Maximum Dose: 4 g per 24 hours
Extended-Release: 1300 mg orally every 8 hours
Maximum dose: 3900 mg per 24 hours
RECTAL:
6 to 11 months: 80 mg rectally every 6 hours up to a maximum of 4 doses in 24 hours
12 to 36 months: 80 mg rectally every 4 to 6 hours up to a maximum of 5 doses in 24 hours
3 to 6 years: 120 mg rectally every 4 to 6 hours up to a maximum of 5 doses in 24 hours
6 to 12 years: 325 mg rectally every 4 to 6 hours up to a maximum of 5 doses in 24 hours
12 years or older: 650 mg rectally every 4 to 6 hours up to a maximum of 6 doses in 24 hours
Comments:
-Maximum daily dose is based on all routes of administration and all products containing acetaminophen.
-Maximum daily dose and dosing recommendations may differ by product; some manufacturers have decreased the maximum daily dose to protect consumers from inadvertent overdoses.
-For IV administration, verify the dose in mg and mL to ensure the dose is correct; verify that infusion pumps are properly programmed.
Uses:
-For the management of mild to moderate pain and for the management of moderate to severe pain when used with adjunctive opioid analgesics.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Fever

Doses may be given as a single or repeated dose as follows:
PARENTERAL:
Neonates (premature neonates born at least 32 weeks gestational age up to 28 days chronological age): 12.5 mg/kg IV every 6 hours
Minimum Dosing Interval: 6 hours
Maximum Daily Dose: 50 mg/kg/day
Infants (29 days to 2 years old): 15 mg/kg every 6 hours
Minimum Dosing Interval: 6 hours
Maximum Daily Dose: 60 mg/kg/day
2 to 12 years: 12.5 mg/kg IV every 4 hours OR 15 mg/kg IV every 6 hours
Maximum Single Dose: 15 mg/kg; not to exceed 750 mg
Minimum Dosing Interval: every 4 hours
Maximum Daily Dose: 75 mg/kg in 24 hours; not to exceed 3750 mg
13 years or older; weight less than 50 kg: 12.5 mg/kg IV every 4 hours OR 15 mg/kg IV every 6 hours
Maximum Single Dose: 15 mg/kg; not to exceed 750 mg
Minimum Dosing Interval: every 4 hours
Maximum Daily Dose: 75 mg/kg in 24 hours; not to exceed 3750 mg
13 years or older; weight 50 kg or greater: 650 mg IV every 4 hours OR 1000 mg IV every 6 hours
Maximum Single Dose: 1000 mg
Minimum Dosing Interval: every 4 hours
Maximum Daily Dose: 4000 mg in 24 hours
ORAL:
10 to 15 mg/kg orally every 4 to 6 hours as needed not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
-Alternatively, use weight first, then age:
2.7 to 5.3 kg (0 to 3 months): 40 mg orally every 4 hours as needed not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
5.4 to 8.1 kg (4 to 11 months): 80 mg orally every 4 hours as needed not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
8.2 to 10.8 kg (12 to 23 months): 120 mg orally every 4 hours as needed not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
10.9 to 16.3 kg (2 to 3 years): 160 mg orally every 4 hours as needed not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
16.4 to 21.7 kg (4 to 5 years): 240 mg orally every 4 hours as needed not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
21.8 to 27.2 kg (6 to 8 years): 320 mg orally every 4 hours as needed not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
27.3 to 32.6 kg (9 to 10 years): 400 mg orally every 4 hours as needed not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
32.7 to 43.2 kg (11 to 12 years): 480 mg orally every 4 hours as needed not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours
12 years or older:
Immediate-release: 325 mg to 1 g orally every 4 to 6 hours
Minimum Dosing Interval: every 4 hours
Maximum Single Dose: 1000 mg
Maximum Dose: 4 g per 24 hours
RECTAL:
6 to 11 months: 80 mg rectally every 6 hours up to a maximum of 4 doses in 24 hours
12 to 36 months: 80 mg rectally every 4 to 6 hours up to a maximum of 5 doses in 24 hours
3 to 6 years: 120 mg rectally every 4 to 6 hours up to a maximum of 5 doses in 24 hours
6 to 12 years: 325 mg rectally every 4 to 6 hours up to a maximum of 5 doses in 24 hours
12 years or older: 650 mg rectally every 4 to 6 hours up to a maximum of 6 doses in 24 hours
Comments:
-Maximum daily dose is based on all routes of administration and all products containing acetaminophen.
-Maximum daily dose and dosing recommendations may differ by product; some manufacturers have decreased the maximum daily dose to protect consumers from inadvertent overdoses.
-For IV administration, verify the dose in mg and mL to ensure the dose is correct; verify that infusion pumps are properly programmed.
Use: For the reduction of fever.

Renal Dose Adjustments

Severe renal impairment (CrCl less than 30 mL/min): Longer dosing intervals and a reduced total daily dose may be warranted

Liver Dose Adjustments

Parenteral:
Severe hepatic impairment, severe active hepatic disease: Use is contraindicated
Mild to moderate hepatic impairment, mild to moderate active hepatic disease: Use with caution; a reduced total daily dose may be warranted
Over the counter products must contain labeling that states:
This product contains acetaminophen. Severe liver damage may occur if:
-Adult takes more than maximum daily dose in 24 hours
-Child takes more than 5 doses in 24 hours
-More than 3 alcoholic drinks are consumed per day while using this product.

Dose Adjustments

Use caution in patients with alcoholism, chronic malnutrition, severe hypovolemia (e.g. due to dehydration or blood loss); A reduced daily dose may be warranted.
Suspected Overdose:
-If an overdose is suspected, obtain a serum drug level as soon as possible, but no sooner than 4 hours after oral ingestion.
-Liver function studies should be obtained and repeated at 24-hour intervals.
-The antidote, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) should be administered as soon as possible according to NAC protocols.

Precautions

US BOXED WARNING: RISK OF MEDICATION ERRORS
Take care when prescribing, preparing, and administering IV acetaminophen injection to avoid dosing errors which could result in accidental overdose and death. In particular, be careful to ensure that
- the dose in milligrams (mg) and milliliters (mL) is not confused;
- the dosing is based on weight for patients under 50 kg;
- infusion pumps are properly programmed;
-the total daily dose of acetaminophen from all sources does not exceed maximum daily limits.
US BOXED WARNING: HEPATOTOXICITY:
This drug has been associated with cases of acute liver failure, at times resulting in liver transplant and death. Most of the cases of liver injury are associated with the use of acetaminophen at doses that exceed the maximum daily limits, and often involve more than 1 acetaminophen-containing product.
US OVER THE COUNTER LABELING: Adults only:
This product contains acetaminophen. Severe liver damage may occur if:
-More than maximum daily dose is taken in 24 hours
-This product is taken with other drugs containing acetaminophen
-Three or more alcoholic drinks are consumer every day while using this product.
US OVER THE COUNTER LABELING: Adults and children under 12 years of age:
This product contains acetaminophen. Severe liver damage may occur if:
-Adult takes more than maximum daily dose in 24 hours
-Child takes more than 5 doses in 24 hours
-This product is taken with other drugs containing acetaminophen
-Persons consume 3 or more alcoholic drinks per day while using this product.
Safety and efficacy for the treatment of acute pain have not been established in patients younger than 2 years.
Consult WARNINGS section for additional precautions.

Dialysis

Children:
Intermittent hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis: Administer every 8 hours
CRRT: No adjustments necessary
Adults:
Intermittent hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis: No adjustment necessary
CRRT: Administer every 8 hours

Other Comments

Administration advice:
-When calculating daily acetaminophen doses, be sure to account for all acetaminophen-containing products and all routes of administration; do not exceed maximum doses.
Chewable tablets:
-Chew tablets before swallowing
Extended-release:
-Swallow whole; do not crush, chew, split, or dissolve
Oral disintegrating tablets:
-Allow to dissolve in mouth or chew before swallowing
Oral suspension:
-Shake well before using
-Use enclosed measuring device to measure dose
Parenteral:
-Infuse IV over 15 minutes; ensure infusion pumps are properly programmed
-Monitor end of infusion in order to prevent the possibility of an air embolism, especially in cases where this is the primary infusion.
Suppositories: For rectal use only
-Remove wrapper
-Carefully insert suppository well up into the rectum
Reconstitution/preparation techniques:
-For IV doses of 1000 mg: May administer without further dilution; may administer by inserting a vented IV set through the septum of the vial.
-For doses less than 1000 mg: Withdraw the appropriate dose from the vial and place in a separate empty, sterile container (e.g., glass bottle, plastic IV container, or syringe) for IV infusion.
- Administer within 6 hours of penetrating the vacuum seal of the glass vial.
-Do not use if particulate matter or discoloration is observed.
-Do not add other medications to the acetaminophen solution.
IV compatibility:
-Diazepam and chlorpromazine hydrochloride are physically incompatible
Storage requirements:
-IV: Single use only; store at 20C to 25C (68F to 77F); do not refrigerate or freeze
General:
-Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is preventable; all patients and caregivers need to be educated on how to give/take this drug safely and what to do if more than the recommended dose is consumed.
-Use of more than 1 acetaminophen-containing product at one time should be discouraged.
-Hypersensitivity reactions and serious rashes have been reported.
Monitoring:
-Monitor for nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, sweating, extreme tiredness, unusual bleeding or bruising, pain in upper right part of the stomach, yellow of the skin or eyes, and/or flu-like symptoms as this may be an indication of overdose.
-Monitor for skin reactions
Patient advice:
-Patients should be advised to follow package directions for over the counter acetaminophen products including observing the maximum single dose and maximum daily dose limits.
-Patients should be discouraged from using multiple acetaminophen containing products concurrently.
-Patients should be advised that severe liver damage may occur if more than the recommended amount of this drug is taken; patients should seek medical help promptly if they suspect they have taken too much of this drug or if they experience nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, or yellowing of the skin or eyes.
-Patients should be advised to limit alcohol use while taking this drug.

Frequently asked questions

More about acetaminophen

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Consumer resources

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Further information

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА ФУНКЦИОНИРУЮЩИЙ АРТЕРИАЛЬНЫЙ ПРОТОК У НЕДОНОШЕННЫХ ДЕТЕЙ


Звягина Ж.А., Цой Е.Г., Игишева Л.Н., Тронина Д.А.

Аннотация


Цель исследования – изучение влияния функционирующего артериального протока на развитие недоношенных детей с экстремально низкой и очень низкой массой тела.

Материалы и методы исследования. Проведена оценка информационных баз системы Cochrane, PubMed, Litres. Key words (cлова для поиска): «open ductus arteriosus in premature infants with very low and extremely low», «outcomes of premature infants». Глубина поиска составила 22 года (1996-2018 годы).

Результаты исследования. Обнаружено более 1500 публикаций. Соответствовали критериям отбора 42 публикации. В представленном литературном обзоре анализируются современные сведения о влиянии артериального протока (АП) у недоношенных детей с экстремально низкой (ЭНМТ) и очень низкой массой тела (ОНМТ), о подходах к диагностике гемодинамической значимости АП, тактике выбора терапии АП у недоношенных детей с ЭНМТ и ОНМТ. Гемодинамически значимый функционирующий артериальный проток (ГЗФАП) у глубоко недоношенных детей способствует развитию тяжелых осложнений и может приводить к летальному исходу. Приоритет в выборе лечения ГЗФАП в периоде новорожденности отдается его медикаментозному закрытию при помощи ингибиторов циклооксигеназы. Однако, несмотря на высокую эффективность (до 70-80 %), консервативная терапия ГЗФАП также может сопровождаться развитием ряда осложнений. По данным литературы последних лет, у 73 % новорождённых с ЭНМТ и ОНМТ наблюдается спонтанное закрытие артериального протока.

Заключение. Функционирующий АП может способствовать высокому проценту заболеваемости у недоношенных с ЭНМТ и ОНМТ. Разработаны показания к медикаментозному и оперативному его закрытию, оба метода имеют свои преимущества и недостатки, однако единого подхода в выборе того или иного способа лечения на сегодняшний день нет. Учитывая спонтанное закрытие ОАП у 73 % недоношенных детей с ОНМТ и ЭНМТ, возможно применять выжидательную тактику в отношении терапии ГЗФАП.

Acetaminophen Davisplus

Acetaminophen davis drugs

Acetaminophen Davisplus


Ключевые слова


недоношенные дети; экстремально низкая масса тела; очень низкая масса тела; открытый артериальный проток

Литература


Acetaminophen Davis

Morville P, Akhavi A. Transcatheter closure of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in 32 preterm infants using AMPLATZER occluder system size ADOIIAS. Cardiovasc Interv. 2017; May 4. PMID: 28471089 doi: 10.1002/ccd.27091

Burov AA, Degtyarev DN, Ionov OV, Kryuchko DS, Mitupov ZP, Movsesyan RR et al. Open arterial duct in premature infants. Neonatology: news, opinions, training. 2016; 4(14): 120-128. Russian (Буров А.А., Дегтярев Д.Н., Ионов О.В., Крючко Д.С., Митупов З.П., Мовсесян Р.Р. и др. Открытый артериальный проток у недоношенных детей //Неонатология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2016. № 4(14): 120-128)

Ohlsson A, Shah PS. The use of paracetamol (acetaminophen) for the treatment of open ductus arteriosus in premature or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2015; 3: CD010061. doi: 10.1002 / 14651858. doi: 10061.pub2. PMID: 25758061

Bokeria EL, Degtyareva EA. Оpen arterial duct – «good and evil in one vessel». Bulletin of the Russian University of friendship of peoples. Series: Medicine. 2017; 21(2): 163-170. Russian (Бокерия Е.Л., Дегтярева Е.А. Открытый артериальный проток – «Добро и Зло в одном сосуде» //Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина. 2017. № 21(2). С. 163-170)

Priyma NF, Popov VV, Ivanov DO. Еchocardiography in the differential diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus in children. Pediatrics. Journal of G.N. Speransky. 2016; 7(4): 119-127. Russian (Прийма Н.Ф., Попов В.В., Иванов Д.О. Эхокардиография в дифференциальной диагностике артериального протока у детей //Педиатрия. Журнал имени Г.Н. Сперанского. 2016. № 7(4). С. 119-127)

Bryksin VS. Features of the combined influrnce of pneumonia and patient ductus arteriosus on parameters of respiratory therapy. International scientific journal «Symbol of science». 2016; 12(3): 144-147. Russian (Брыксин В.С. Особенности сочетанного влияния пневмонии и открытого артериального протока на параметры респираторной терапии //Международный научный журнал «Символ науки». 2016. № 12(3): 144-147)

Razumovsky AYu, Alkhasov AB, Mitupov ZB, Feoktistova EV, Sitnikova MI, Kollerov MYu, Nagornaya YuV. Surgical correction of open arterial ducct in children. Russian journal of pediatric surgery, anesthesiology and resuscitation. 2017; 7(3): 24-32. Russian (Разумовский А.Ю., Алхасов А.Б., Митупов З.Б., Феоктистова Е.В., Ситникова М.И., Коллеров М.Ю., Нагорная Ю.В. Хирургическая коррекция открытого артериального протока у детей //Pосийский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии. 2017. № 7(3). С. 24-32)

Kaganov IU, Shorokhov SE, Avramenko AA, Khokhlunov MS. Patient ductus arteriosus – recanalization depending on the closure methods. Medical sciences, international journal of applied and fundamental research. 2016; 12: 262-264. Russian (Каганов И.Ю., Шорохов. С.Е., Авраменко А.А., Хохлунов М.С. Открытый артериальный проток – реканализация в зависимости от метода закрытия //Medical sciences, international journal of applied and fundamental research. 2016. № 12. С. 262-264)

Savchenko OA, Krivtsova LA, Pavlinova EB. Functioning arterial duct in preterm infants: hemodynamic predictors of successful medicated closure. Children's diseases of the heart and blood vessels. 2016. 13(3): 133-139 Russian (Савченко О.А., Кривцова Л.А., Павлинова Е.Б. Функционирующий артериальный проток у недоношенных новорожденных: гемодинамические предикторы успеха медикаментозного закрытия //Детские болезни сердца и сосудов. 2016. № 13(3): 133-139)

Perestoronina MV, Korpacheva OV, Dolgikh VT. Change in the leading pathogenetic factor of hypoxia in longstanding hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birthweith neonates. Siberian medical journal. 2015; 7: 76-78. Russian (Пересторонина М.В., Корпачева О.В., Долгих В.Т. Смена ведущего патогенетического фактора гипоксии у новорожденных с экстремально низкой массой тела и длительно функционирующим гемодинамически значимым открытым артериальным протоком //Сибирский медицинский журнал (Иркутск). 2015. № 7. С. 76-78)

Aleksandrovich YuS, Khubulava GG, Chupaeva OYu, Naumov AB, Marchenko SP, Melashenko TV. et al. Acetaminophen administering in order to obliterate neonates with extremely low birth weight. Anesthesiology and reanimatology. 2016; 61(6): 438-442. Russian (Александрович Ю.С., Хубулава Г.Г., Чупаева О.Ю., Наумов А.Б., Марченко С.П., Мелашенко Т.В. и др. Применение ацетаминофена для облитерации гемодинамически значимого открытого артериального протока у новорожденных с очень низкой массой тела при рождении //Анестезиология и реаниматология. 2016. № 61(6): 438-442)

Spivak EM, Nikolaeva TN, Klimachev AM. Specific features of the clinical manifestations of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely premature newborns. Russian journal of pediatric surgery, anesthesiology and resuscitation. 2016; 61(1): 51-55. Russian (Спивак Е.М., Николаева Т.Н., Климачев А.М. Особенности клинических проявлений открытого артериального протока у глубоко недоношенных новорожденных детей //Российский вестник перинатальной педиатрии. 2016. №61(1). С. 51-55)

Gonzalez A, Sosenko RS, Chandar J, Hummler H, Claure N, Bancalari E. Influence of infection on patient ductus arteriosus and chronic lung disease in premature infants weighting 1000 grams or less. J. Pediatrics. 1996; 128: 470-478

Ognean ML, Boanta O, Covacs S. Persistent Ductus Arteriosus in Critically Ill Preterm Infants. The Journal of Critical Care Medicine. 2016; 2(4): 175-184. doi: 10.1515/jccm-2016-0026

Knight DB. The treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. A review and overview of randomized trials. Semin Neonatol. 2001; Feb. 6(1): 63-73. doi: 10.1053/siny.2000.0036

Рarikh R, Negrine RJS, Chikermane A, Rasiah SV, Ewer AK. Assessment of myocardial function in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus using tissue Doppler imaging. Cardiol Young. 2015; Jan. 25(1): 70-75. doi.org: 10.1017/S1047951113001595

Albayrak AK, Karacelik M, Soylar R, Karaarslan K, Abud B, Guzeloglu Mehmet, Hazan E. Bedside surgery to treat patent ductus arteriosus in low-birth-weight premature infants. Open journal of cardiovascular surgery. 2014; Aug 17(7): 1-4. doi:10.4137/OJCS.S16156

Garcia AV, Lukish J, Lanning D. Minimally Invasive Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation. Clin Perinatol. 2017; 44(4): 763-771

Ohlsson A. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018; Apr 6: 4. dx.doi.org: 10.1089/lap.2018.0187

Nemri. Patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infant: Basic pathology and when to treat. Sudan J Paediatr. 2014; 14(1): 25-30

Vanhaesebrouck S, Zonnenberg I, Vandervoort P, Bruneel E, Hoestenberghe М-R, Theyskens C. Conservative treatment for patent ductus arteriosus in the preterm. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2007; Jul 92(4): F244-7. PMID: 17213270

Volodin NN. Perinatal neurology-problems and solutions. Neurology PsikhiatrIm SS Korsakova. 2009; 10: 4-8. Russian (Володин Н.Н. Перинатальная неврология – проблемы и пути решения //Неврология и психиатрия. 2009. № 10. С. 4-8

Belousova ED, Nikanorova MYu, Keshishyan ES, Malinovskaya VV. The role of periventricular leukomalacia in the development of cerebral palsy. Russian journal of pediatric surgery, anesthesiology and resuscitation. 2001; 5: 26-32. Russian (Белоусова Е.Д., Никанорова М.Ю., Кешишян Е.С., Малиновская О.Н. Роль перивентрикулярной лейкомаляции в развитии детского церебрального паралича //Рос. вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. 2001. № 5. С. 26-32)

Cooke RWI, Abemethy LS. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging and performance in very low weight infants in adolescence. Archive of Disease In Childhood. 1999; 81: 116-121

Clyman RI, Couto J, Murphy GV. Patent ductus arteriosus: are current neonatal treatment options better or worse than no treatment at all? Semin. Perinatol. 2012; 36(2): 123-129. PMID: 22414883

Hesham AH. Patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: Do we have the right answers? Biomed. Res. Int. 2013; 4: 676192. dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/676192

Pykov MI, Efimov MS, Vokueva TI. Influence of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus on central hemodynamic and organ blood flow parameters in premature newborns. Ultrasonic and functional diagnostics. 2008; 3: 26-34. Russian (Пыков М.И., Уфимов М.С., Вокуева Т.И. Влияние гемодинамически значимого открытого артериального протока на показатели центральной гемодинамики и органного кровотока у недоношенных новорожденных //Ультразвуковая и функциональная диагностика. 2008. № 3. С. 26-34)

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Kryuchko DS, Baybarina YN, Rudakova AA. Open arterial duct in premature newborn: tactics of neonatoligist. Current pediatrics. 2011; 10(1): 58-65. Russian (Крючко Д.С., Байбарина Е.Н., Рудакова А.А. Открытый артериальный проток у недоношенного новорожденного: тактика неонатолога //Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2011. Т. 10, № 1. С. 58-65)

Nemerofsky SL et al. The ductus arteriosus rarely requires treatment in infants >1000 grams. Am J Perinatol. 2008; 25: 661-666. PMID: 18850514

Herrman Ket. Spontaneous closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in very low birth weight infants following discharge from the neonatal unit. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2009; 94: F48-50. dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2007.129270

Fowlie PW, Davis PG, McGuire W. Prophylactic intravenous indomethacin for preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009; 419-471. PMID: 12137607

Mosalli R, Alfaleh K, Paes B. Role of prophylactic surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birth weight infants: Systematic review and implications for clinical practice. Ann Pediatr Cardiol. 2009; 2: 120-126. PMID: 20808624

Clyman R, Cassady G, Kirklin JK, Collins M, Philips JB. The role of patent ductusarteriosus ligation in broncho pulmonary dysplasia: reexamining a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr. 2009; 154: 873-876. PMID: 19324366

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Sinha B. Controversies in management of patent ductus arterious in the preterm infant. J Pulmon Resp Med. 2009; 13: 7. doi:10.4172/2161-105X.S13-007

Van Overmeire B, Van de Broek H, Van Laer P, Weyler J, Vanhaesebrouck P. Early versus late indomethacin treatment for patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome. J Pediatr. 2001; 138(2): 205-211. doi: 10.1067/mpd.2001.110528

Roland A, Sankar-Aguilera S, Diamonde D et al. The natural evolution of the PDA in extremely premature infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2015; 100: F55-F58. doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-306339

Benitz WE and Committetee on Fetus and newborn. Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants. Pediatrics. 2016; 137(1). doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-3730

Binder-Heschl C, Urlesberger B, Koestenberger M, Schwaberger B, Schmölzer GM, Pichler G. Cerebral tissue oxygen saturation is associated with N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide in preterm infants on their first day of life. Acta Paediatr. 2015; Jan 104(1): 32-37. PMID: 25319883

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Lista G, Bianchi S, Mannarino S, Schena F, Castoldi F, Stronati M, Mosca F. Velocity time integral for right upper pulmonary vein in VLBW infants with patent ductus arteriosus. Clinics. 2016; 71(10): 580-585. doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2016(10)05

Polat TB, Celik IH, Erdeve O. Early predictive echocardiographic features of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm VLBW infants. Pediatr Int. 2016; Jul 58(7): 589-594. doi.org/10.1111/ped.12915

Hammerman C, Kaplan M. Comparative tolerability of pharmacological treatments for patent ductus arteriosus. Drug. Saf. 2001; 24(7): 537-551. PMID: 11444725

Clyman RI, Hermes-DeSantis ER. Patent ductus arteriosus: pathophysiology and management. J. Perinatol. 2006; 26: 14-18. PMID: 16625216


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